Types and effects of water-based dispersants
The types of water-based dispersants mainly include anionic, cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric, and electrically neutral types. The following are detailed explanations about these types:
Anionic dispersant:
Composition: Mainly composed of non-polar negatively charged oleophilic hydrocarbon chains and polar hydrophilic groups.
For example: sodium polyacrylate, sodium polycarboxylate, ammonium polycarboxylate, etc.
Characteristics and applications: This type of dispersant has good compatibility and is widely used in water-based coatings and inks. Polycarboxylic acid polymers can also be used in solvent based coatings and are widely used as controlled flocculation dispersants.
Cationic dispersant:
Composition: A non-polar compound with a positive base charge.
For example, octadecenylamine acetate, alkyl quaternary ammonium salt, etc.
Characteristic: Weak adsorption ability on the surface of pigments.
Non ionic dispersants:
Characteristics: Non ionizable and uncharged.
Application: Mainly used in water-based coatings.
Amphoteric dispersant:
Composition: A compound composed of anions and cations.
Example: Phosphate ester type polymer.
Characteristics and applications: It has excellent wettability and dispersibility, which can improve the storage stability of coatings, prevent pigment settling and agglomeration.
Electrically neutral dispersant:
Composition: The size of the anionic and cationic organic groups in the molecule is basically equal, and the entire molecule appears neutral but polar.
Features and applications: Specific features and applications depend on the specific product.